道路
在 Overture 運輸主題中,道路是指任何類型的道路、街道或路徑,包括專用的步行或自行車道,但不包括鐵路。路段構成了大部分地面運輸段。道路使用 segment Features 來建模,並將 subtype
屬性值設定為 road
。
幾何形狀和粒度
路段的幾何形狀是道路的表示,通常近似於所建模路段的實際中心線。路段支援以不同粒度建模道路網路。例如,一個路段可以表示:
- 包括所有車道和人行道的雙向車道
- 獨立的人行道
- 單向街道或雙車道的單一方向
- 自行車 道或多車道高速公路的單一部分
- 專用的自行車道
- 步道
Basic properties
基本屬性
道路類別
道路的 class
屬性指定了其一般用途和在交通網路中的相對重要性。class
屬性還有助於建立合理的預設值。例如,sidewalk
類別意味著該段的預設 通行限制 允許 foot
(步行)這一旅行模式的通行,並禁止所有其他旅行模式的通行。與許多路段屬性不同,路段的 class
屬性不支援 幾何範圍限定(線性參考)。因此,當現實世界的道路在某個線性範圍內發生類別變化(例如,從次級道路變為住宅道路)時,Overture 運輸 分段 算法將會生成一個段分割。
Every road segment has a class. If the class
property is missing
from a road segment, the default value unknown
is assumed. The unknown
road class is meant to be a temporary value until a more specific class
is known.
每個路段都有一個類別。如果路段中缺少 class
屬性,則假定使用預設值 unknown
(未知)。未知道路類是直到有更具體的類別訊息前暫時的值。
與 Overeture 運輸 schema 的許多方面一樣,class
標籤受到了 OpenStreetMap 的啟發。在這種情況下,它類似於但不完全相同於 OSM 的 highway=*
標籤。
Surface
表面
道路的 road_surface
屬性指示其物理表面。如果被省略,則應根據 class
假定一個合理的預設值。
與許多路段屬性一樣,road_surface
屬性支援 幾何範圍限定(線性參考)。因此,有效的道路表面可能會在路段幾何形狀的不同子範圍內變化。
標誌
路段的 road_flags
屬性是一組命名的標誌值,指示簡單物理 Features 的存在或缺失。
例如,具有 road_flags = [is_link, is_under_construction]
的路段是連接段且正在施工中。
與許多路段屬性一樣,road_flags
屬性支援 幾何範圍限定(線性參考)。因此,適用的道路標誌可能會在路段幾何形狀的不同子範圍內變化。
限制
訪問限制
路段上的訪問限制指定 了誰被允許使用該道路,以及在什麼情況下可以使用。
每個路段都有一組隱含的訪問限制,由其 道路類別 和當地規則、規範和習俗定義。 (Overture 運輸 schema 不指定這些隱含的訪問限制,這由具體應用程序來解決。)
隱含的訪問限制可以通過為屬性 access_restrictions
提供明確值來對整個路段進行修改。(訪問限制也可以在單個 車道 層級上進行指定,具體見其他說明。)
在技術上,可以指定適用於所有人和所有事物的全面訪問授予或拒絕;但如同典型情況下,更精確的結果是需要的,則會使用一個或多個 規則 來指定訪問限制。與所有基於規則的屬性一樣,如果沒有規則符合具體事實,則由道路類別的預設限制來管理。
- Blanket denial of access.
- Private access, deliveries OK during business hours.
- No motor vehicles except to destination.
- No trucks with ≥ 5 axles.
---
id: access-restrictions-segment-blanket
type: Feature
geometry:
type: LineString
coordinates:
- [0, 0]
- [0, 1]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: segment
version: 1
subtype: road
class: residential
access_restrictions:
- access_type: denied
---
id: access-restrictions-segment-private-with-deliveries
type: Feature
geometry:
type: LineString
coordinates:
- [0, 0]
- [0, 1]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: segment
version: 1
subtype: road
class: residential
access_restrictions:
- access_type: denied
- access_type: allowed
when: { recognized: [as_private] }
- access_type: allowed
when:
using: [to_deliver]
during: Mo-Fr 08:30-16:30
---
id: access-restrictions-segment-motor-vehicles-destination-only
type: Feature
geometry:
type: LineString
coordinates:
- [0, 0]
- [0, 1]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: segment
version: 1
subtype: road
class: residential
access_restrictions:
- access_type: denied
when: { mode: [motor_vehicle] }
- access_type: allowed
when: { using: [at_destination] }
---
id: access-restrictions-segment-axle-limit
type: Feature
geometry:
type: LineString
coordinates:
- [0, 0]
- [0, 1]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: segment
version: 1
subtype: road
class: motorway
access_restrictions:
- access_type: denied
when:
mode: [hgv]
vehicle:
- dimension: axle_count
comparison: greater_than_equal
value: 5
轉彎限制
路段上的轉彎限制限制了從該段到其他 實體連接 段的過渡。
每條路段都有一組隱含的允許轉換,這些轉換由其 通行限制 以及當地規則、規範和習俗定義。如果一個段落僅能沿著 forward
方向 使用 ,那麼沿著 backward
方向行駛時,則隱含著不允許轉換到任何連接的段落。由當地規則或規範隱含的轉換限制的例子可能是對某個司法區域內的掉頭禁令。(Overture 運輸模式並未規定這些當地規則、規範和習俗,這些由具體應用來解決。)
Overture 採取默認允許的過渡限制方式。默認情況下,所有隱含的轉換都是允許的。可以通過在 prohibited_transitions
屬性中添加明確的轉換限制來縮減允許的轉換集。
轉彎限制分為兩種類型:簡單轉彎限制和通過轉彎限制。簡單轉彎限制允許描述簡單的規定,例如「禁止右轉進入楓樹街」;而通過轉彎限制則涵蓋了更為複雜的情況,其中操作的順序是重要的。
- Simple restriction.
- Via restriction
Source segment
---
id: overture:transportation:example:simple-turn-restriction-source
type: Feature
geometry:
type: LineString
coordinates:
- [-113.57822030759499, 50.01868388494378]
- [-113.57831482025354, 50.018860947117304]
- [-113.57851814418316, 50.01923724443006]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: segment
version: 5
subtype: road
class: secondary
# `connector_ids` is deprecated in favor of `connectors`, planned to be removed for the October release
connector_ids:
- overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
- overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
connectors:
- connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
at: 0
- connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
at: 1
prohibited_transitions:
- sequence:
- segment_id: overture:transportation:example:simple-turn-restriction-target
connector_id: overture:transportation:example:simple-turn-restriction-connector2
final_heading: forward
when: {heading: forward}
Connector 1
這個 Connector 在例子中並不是重要的一部分,因為它不參與轉向限制,但它被包括在內以提供真實世界的背景。
---
id: overture:transportation:example:simple-turn-restriction-connector1
type: Feature
geometry:
type: Point
coordinates: [-113.57831482025354, 50.018860947117304]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: connector
version: 0
Exit segment
這個段落在例子中不是重要的一部分,因為所有暗示的轉換在此段落上都是允許的。我們包括它是為了提供真實世界的背景。
---
id: overture:transportation:example:simple-turn-restriction-exit
type: Feature
geometry:
type: LineString
coordinates:
- [-113.57831482025354, 50.018860947117304]
- [-113.5783121688577, 50.019016827708754]
- [-113.57829228338763, 50.019079861246865]
- [-113.57826444373009, 50.019121599625294]
- [-113.57816369068271, 50.01919400284882]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: segment
version: 1
subtype: road
class: secondary
# `connector_ids` is deprecated in favor of `connectors`, planned to be removed for the October release
connector_ids:
- overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
- overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
connectors:
- connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
at: 0
- connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
at: 1
Connector 2
從源段落(forward
方向)到目標段落(forward
方向)的右轉在這個連接點被禁止。
---
id: overture:transportation:example:simple-turn-restriction-connector2
type: Feature
geometry:
type: Point
coordinates: [-113.57851814418316, 50.01923724443006]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: connector
version: 1
Target segment
在源段落上向 forward
方向行駛的車輛不得進入此段落的 forward
方向,即從源段落到此段落的右轉被禁止。
---
id: overture:transportation:example:simple-turn-restriction-target
type: Feature
geometry:
type: LineString
coordinates:
- [-113.57851814418316, 50.01923724443006]
- [-113.57837460847787, 50.01919574268962]
- [-113.57812342099429, 50.01919343703648]
- [-113.57803729957116, 50.01923263312719]
- [-113.57766410673773, 50.01923263312719]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: segment
version: 1
subtype: road
class: secondary
# `connector_ids` is deprecated in favor of `connectors`, planned to be removed for the October release
connector_ids:
- overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
- overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
connectors:
- connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
at: 0
- connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
at: 1
Connector 3
此 Connector 在範例中並不重要,因為它不參與轉彎限制,但它被包含在內以提供實際情境。
---
id: overture:transportation:example:simple-turn-restriction-connector3
type: Feature
geometry:
type: Point
coordinates: [-113.57816369068271, 50.01919400284882]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: connector
version: 1
Source segment
---
id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-source
type: Feature
geometry:
type: LineString
coordinates:
- [-71.1100226929593, 42.30156668552357]
- [-71.11055493812631, 42.30157222996385]
- [-71.11102971081017, 42.30157407811038]
- [-71.11143701579662, 42.30156114108277]
- [-71.11197425857047, 42.30152602627953]
- [-71.11234408150312, 42.30149091145671]
- [-71.1126589307566, 42.30147612626226]
- [-71.11301376086777, 42.301494607754876]
- [-71.11320616874515, 42.301516785538524]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: segment
version: 5
subtype: road
class: primary
# `connector_ids` is deprecated in favor of `connectors`, planned to be removed for the October release
connector_ids:
- overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
- overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
connectors:
- connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
at: 0
- connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
at: 1
names:
primary: Arborway
prohibited_transitions:
- sequence:
- segment_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-target
connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
- segment_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-via
connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
final_heading: forward
when:
heading: forward
during: Mo-Fr 06:00-09:00, 15:00-19:00
road_surface:
- value: paved
Connector 1
---
id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
type: Feature
geometry:
type: Point
coordinates: [-71.11234408150312, 42.30149091145671]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: connector
version: 1
Via segment
---
id: overture:transportation:example:simple-road2
type: Feature
geometry:
type: LineString
coordinates:
- [-71.11213418200086, 42.3017182333833]
- [-71.11234408150312, 42.30149091145671]
- [-71.11248901211202, 42.3013264259736]
- [-71.11283634581244, 42.30093831245662]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: segment
version: 5
subtype: road
class: secondary
# `connector_ids` is deprecated in favor of `connectors`, planned to be removed for the October release
connector_ids:
- overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
- overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
connectors:
- connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
at: 0
- connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
at: 1
names:
primary: Washington Street
road_surface:
- value: paved
Connector 2
---
id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
type: Feature
geometry:
type: Point
coordinates: [-71.11248901211202, 42.3013264259736]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: connector
version: 1
Target segment
---
id: overture:transportation:example:turn-restriction-target
type: Feature
geometry:
type: LineString
coordinates:
- [-71.11325364601365, 42.301374477956756]
- [-71.11278137213321, 42.3013264259736]
- [-71.11248901211202, 42.3013264259736]
- [-71.11157195119078, 42.30139295947919]
- [-71.1109997251666, 42.301428074356636]
- [-71.11058492376937, 42.30143177065813]
- [-71.11002519176327, 42.301415137298676]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: segment
version: 5
subtype: road
class: primary
# `connector_ids` is deprecated in favor of `connectors`, planned to be removed for the October release
connector_ids:
- overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
- overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
connectors:
- connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector1
at: 0
- connector_id: overture:transportation:example:via-turn-restriction-connector2
at: 1
names:
primary: Arborway
road_surface:
- value: paved
速度限制
速度限制規定了在道路上允許的最高行駛速度。通常,速度限制指定了最大允許速度,但 Overture 也允許設定最低速度限制和指示變速走廊。
每條路段都有一個隱含的速度限制或一組速度限制,這些限制由其 道路類別 以及當地規則、慣例和習俗定義。注意:與通行 限制和轉向限制類似,Overture 交通模式並未嘗試指定這些隱含的速度限制。
可以通過為 speed_limits
屬性提供明確的值來配置整條路段的速度限制。注意:細化的速度限制也可以在個別 車道 層級上指定,如其他地方所述。
與通行限制和轉向限制一樣,速度限制也可以使用 規則 進行指定。
- Simple speed limit
- Different speed limit for northbound trucks
- Variable speed corridor
---
id: speed-limits-simple
type: Feature
geometry:
type: LineString
coordinates:
- [-123.09348187774302, 49.280278741717865]
- [-123.0895720621171, 49.280195795155265]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: segment
version: 1
subtype: road
class: residential
speed_limits:
- max_speed:
value: 30
unit: km/h
---
id: speed-limits-variable-max
type: Feature
geometry:
type: LineString
coordinates:
- [0, 0]
- [0, 1]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: segment
version: 2
subtype: road
class: secondary
speed_limits:
- max_speed: {value: 70, unit: "mph"}
- when:
mode: [hgv]
heading: forward
max_speed: {value: 65, unit: "mph"}
---
id: speed-limits-variable-max
type: Feature
geometry:
type: LineString
coordinates:
- [-123.12895930023527, 50.007761789070344]
- [-123.12637500433082, 50.00945836227345]
- [-123.12506896231434, 50.011762034223324]
- [-123.12415195409014, 50.01351203677902]
properties:
theme: transportation
type: segment
version: 1
subtype: road
class: motorway
speed_limits:
- max_speed:
value: 100
unit: km/h
is_max_speed_variable: true
車道
一條道路可以選擇性地擁有 lanes
屬性,如果存在,則包含一個規則列表,用於解析適用的交通 lane block 。 lane block 是一個車道對象的列表。 lane block 中的每個車道對象描述了適用於該道路的交通車道的物理結構和屬性,並具有足夠的細節以支援導航用例。請注意,lanes
屬性適用於交通車道,而不是停車車道。
車道的使用案例
許多交通使用案例可以完全或大部分地解決而無需檢查道路網路的車道結構。例如,最佳路徑計算可以完全在沒有車道級訊息的情況下解決,大多數 2D 地圖渲染問題也是如此。車道訊息對於細化的逐轉或逐步導航應用最為有用。